RoBoSculpt: первый робот-хирург, который может сделать трепанацию черепа
Для операции на головном мозге к нему нужно получить доступ, а для этого, что логично, необходимо сделать пару отверстий в черепной коробке. При этом требуется большая точность и аккуратность, с которой справится далеко не каждый нейрохирург. Но недавно ученые из Технологического университета Эйндховена создали робота, который может проводить подобные манипуляции на черепе с невероятной точностью.
Казалось бы, чего сложного в том, чтобы «просверлить дырку в черепе»? Но все зависит от области операции. Дело в том, что в черепной коробке присутствуют крайне хрупкие структуры: нервы, рецепторы внутреннего уха и прочие анатомические структуры, которые нельзя задеть ни при каких условиях, а во время сверления осколки могут их задеть, да и кровь способна размыть изображение эндоскопа.
Новый робот-хирург получил название RoBoSculpt, и, по заверениям создателей, уже в течение ближайших пяти лет он будет готов провести операцию на человеке. Сам RoBoSculpt — это довольно продвинутый манипулятор с хирургической дрелью. Хирург-оператор должен указать на скане компьютерной томографии область доступа, после чего всю работу уже сделает робот. Сам манипулятор имеет 7 осей, и благодаря этому можно выбрать практически любой угол для манипуляции. Первые технические испытания уже завершились успехом, а первые клинические тесты начнутся уже в 2018 году.
Стоит заметить, что непосредственно головной мозг робот прооперировать не в состоянии. Потому как для манипуляции орган должен быть зафиксирован, а крайняя мягкость мозговой ткани не позволяет этого сделать. Поэтому и нейрохирурги без работы тоже не останутся.
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